Aquatic organisms assimilate metals from the dissolved content of the surrounding water and from metals contained in diet items. Advances in acid rock drainage ard characterization of mine. Student work acid rock drainagemetal leaching ardml at. Acid mine drainage and heavy metal contamination in groundwater. The 8 groudev sn, georgiev ps, komnitsas k, spasova ii, angelov a. Metals associated with acid rock drainage and their effect. The chapter further describes the uptake of these metals by fish and other aquatic organisms. Innovative treatment technologies purpose currently there is no comprehensive survey about the types of remediation technologies being used to treat abandoned mines.
Bibliography for acidrock drainage and selected acidmine. Advances in acid rock drainage ard characterisation of mine wastes1 warwick a. Treatment of this acid rock drainage efficiently removed cu, cd and pb 99. Acid mine drainage control technologies are measures that can be undertaken where.
Evolution of acid mine drainage formation in sulphidic mine. Acid rock drainage ard is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, chiefly iron pyrite or iron disulfide fes2. Advancements, their application, and interpretation. All als humidity cell sampling and laboratory analyses are performed based on recognised standards such as the american society for testing and materials astm d574496 and guidelines and recommended methods for the prediction of metal leaching and acid rock drainage at minesites. We offer a complete range of solid phase geochemical analysis, static testing, leaching procedures shake flask extraction sfe, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure splp, and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tclp, net acid generation nag, and kinetic testing. Acid mine drainage is a worldwide problem, leading to ecological destruction in watersheds and the contamination of human water sources by sulfuric acid and heavy metals, including arsenic, copper, and lead. Box 4078 butte, mt 597024078 abstract as a part of the mine waste technology program mwtp. Box 4078 butte, mt 597024078 abstract as a part of the mine waste. The production of broken waste rock and tailings by mining operations can expose large amounts of pyrite and other sulphides to the effects of water and oxygen. Forbes blvd tucson, az 85745 5206473315 washington office 1806 terminal drive richland, wa 99354 5099467111 hgi is an innovative, solutionoriented, geophysical consulting company and service provider to the. Suitability of static tests for acid rock drainage assessment. Longterm slope deterioration can result in a continual exposure of fresh rock to the natural elements and. Acid mine drainage greenpeace research laboratories. The synthetic acid rock drainage contained high heavy metal concentrations up to 50 mgl of copper and ph values ranging from 3.
The effects and consequences of acid drainage from open pit mines have become a concern far more recently. In examining this table, it is important to note that diffusion of oxygen into water is slow and, therefore, oxidation of iron sulfide is inhibited until the water level drops, which can occur periodically or seasonally in some cases. Pdf acid mine drainage amd occurs after mining exposes metal sulfides to oxidizing conditions. Trace element geochemistry and acid rock drainage acid. Drainage containing metals and acid from sulphidic rock is often referred 10 as metal leaching and acid rock drainage mlard. Excavation like mining can accelerate the process of acid rock drainage because it local exposes more sulfide minerals to atmospheric oxygen. Mitigation of acid rock drainage on sensitive sites if acid rock drainage is suspected to be impacting natural drainage, an evaluation of the road drainage water and the potential effect on adjacent streams should be undertaken. Ard acid mine and acid rock drainage amdard refer to the extremely acidic ph download entry pdf. The technical and research committee on reclamation remote mine site acid rock drainage treatment m. Sgs is a global technical leader in the field of acid rock drainage ard, also known as acid mine drainage testing with years of global experience addressing. The main cause of acid mine drainage is the occurrence of pyrite and sulphide minerals with the rock of coal seams. Development of the global acid rock drainage guide gard guide was sponsored by the international network for acid prevention inap with the support of the global alliance and started in late 2006.
Hard rock mines have significant effects on the territories where they operate, through both. It deals with the mineralogical composition of a geological sample fig. Prediction of acid rock drainage ard from calculated mineralogy. The feasibility of several treatment alternatives was systematically evaluated, and an ex situ active treatment system and an in situ permeable reactive barrier were chosen for bench testing to. The issues of acid mine drainage amd and heavy metals contamination in the metal sulfide mine in the arid district were explored, through studying the. About the report the oxidation of sulphidic mine wastes and the consequent release of acid mine drainage and acid rock drainage, is one of the main strategic environmental issues facing the mining industry. Techniques to correct and prevent acid mine drainage. This sample can contain different ratios of different minerals or mineral groups e. Student work acid rock drainagemetal leaching ardml. Acid mine drainage amd is the most common cause of mining activities taking place in different countries across the. Jordan, process engineer mse technology applications, inc. Preventive and corrective techniques of acid mine drainage preventive techniques are those whose objective is to prevent the production of acid effluents from the mine. The gard guide was created through the contributions of many individuals and organizations. Inaps global acid rock drainage guide and the current.
In mining operations, the rock mineralogy is a key parameter controlling the acid generationneutralisation potential paktunc, 1999. The large areas of exposed rock in open pits can result in large volumes of acid drainage. Stams, and irene sanchezandrea, laboratory of microbiology, wageningen university, stippeneng 4, 6708 we wageningen, the netherlands. Acid mine drainage prediction compares acid rock drainage factors of waste rock piles and tailings impoundments. Limestone drains are an integral component of some of the most efficacious passive systems for the treatment of acid rock drainage ard. Acid rock drainage for more information tucson office 2302 n. Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by largescale earth disturbances characteristic of mining and other large construction activities, usually within rocks. The projection of some control solutions of acid water drainage, with long term efficiency, must take into account the specific conditions of each deposit, due to the myriad of factors that influence the biocatalyzed sulfur oxidation. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed when minerals are exposed to air and water. Gard guide 2010 early avoidance of ard problems is a best practice technique that is integrated.
Limestone drain design parameters for acid rock drainage. Toxic elements, such as copper, cadmium and zinc are often associated with acidic mine drainage amd, contributing substantially to its devastating ecological. Element analysis, acid neutralization capacity anc test, and net acid generation nag test were conducted on pohang tertiary mudstone samples and the mixed slag. Prediction of acid rock drainage ard from calculated. Our record of identifying flow paths and source areas has helped solve many difficult problems. Historically in construction, road building and mining industry there was limited recognition of this potential problem and there are a number of sites and old mines where. Acid rock drainage mapping ard years of experience about hgi hgi has a significant history of mapping ard using geophysical methods. An efficient measurement of mineral abundance in waste samples is the key to understanding large scale acid rock drainage ard potential. Strong acid is made when certain bacteria populate the ore. Acid base accounting aba is used to assess the ability of a rock body to produce acid rock drainage. On the other hand, corrective techniques are designed to treat the acidic waters produced by mining, so that they stop being a threat to the environment 10. Handcart gulch was the locus of intense hydrothermal alteration that affected an area of nearly 3. This test utilises automated mineralogy data in a unique manner, by which surface area data of acid forming and neutralising minerals can be calculated quickly and used in amd risk calculations figure 4 17. The oxidation of sulphidic mine wastes and the consequent release of acid mine drainage and acid rock drainage, is one of the main strategic environmental issues facing the mining industry.
This project studied the feasibility of different options for treatment of acid rock drainage ard at the cooledge brook site in northborough, ma. Agat laboratories offers fullservice analysis capabilities for ard testing. Once acid generating rock is crushed and exposed to oxygen and the surface environment, acid generation is. Geologic and mineralogic controls on acid and metalrich rock. Prediction of acid mine drainage generation potential of. Advances in acid rock drainage ard characterization of mine wastes. Sulfur reduction in acid rock drainage environments. Abstract the exploitation of coal and metallic mineral resources worldwide invariably results in the production of large quantities of overburden. Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines. Acid rock drainage analysis and testing services acid rock drainage ard also known as acid mine drainage amd describes the formation of acid when sulphidebearing mine wastes principally pyrite, but also pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite are exposed to oxidising conditions, typically in the presence of. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed. The types of currently existing passive treatment technologies and their applicability range as defined by the mine water chemistry are presented. From prediction to management of acid mine drainage. Jan 09, 2021 pohang tertiary mudstone presents the issue of acid rock drainage.
Sulfur reduction in acid rock drainage environments anna p. Neutralization effect of slag on the acid rock drainage. Acid rock drainage 321 oxidation degree of the sterile in the moment of its storage. Acid rock drainage may be found at coal mines, hard rock mines, or construction sites that disturb sulfide rock. Also, the ei team developed a new computed acid rock drainage card risk grade protocol. Whether naturally or anthropogenically caused, ard poses problems for local watersheds, including streams, soil, groundwater, and aquatic life. Novel electron donors for anaerobic remediation of acid rock. If the nnp is less than 20 kgton caco 3, it is generally accepted that the material is acid producing.
Acid rock drainage ard and metal leaching affect the quality of water, soil, plant, and fish habitat in terms of trace elements, in both toxic or nontoxic, and bioavailable or nonavailable forms. Nnp values between 20 and 20 kgton caco 3 are in the gray range of uncertainty. Jan 01, 2017 the goal of acid rock drainage prediction is very simple. Acid rock drainage hazards acid rock drainage is a common environmental problem at thousands of abandoned mine sites in the united states and elsewhere. The surface and subsurface geology, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralogy of the handcart gulch area was studied using map and drill core data as part of a multidisciplinary approach to understand the hydrology and affects of geology on acid rock drainage in a mineralized alpine watershed. Geologic and mineralogic controls on acid and metalrich. The reaction of pyrite with oxygen and water produces a solution of ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. Introduction developers of new mines and operators of existing mines are required to prove that mine waste materials can be stored in a manner that will prevent or mitigate the generation of acid rock drainage ard, both during the operation and long after.
The purpose of this paper is to provide information about this topic with a particular focus on hard rock mining sites. Acid rock drainage ard escuela politecnica nacional. European journal of mineral processing and environmental treatment of drainage waters from a. Pdf acid mine drainage formation, control and treatment. Drainage contatmng ated metals and acid from sulphidic rock is often referred to as metal caching and acid rock drainage ml ard oceas. Acid mine drainage overview acid rock drainage ard is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, chiefly iron pyrite or iron disulfide fes2. Remote mine site acid rock drainage treatment ubc library. Research was carried out to improve acid rock drainage ard prediction methodologies, focussing on resolving uncertainties in acid base accounting aba methods.
Suitability of static tests for acid rock drainage assessment of mine waste rock 1. Acid rock drainage ard is the natural result of oxidizing or rusting of certain types of sulfurbearing minerals in the presence of water, air and bacteria. Trace element geochemistry and acid rock drainage acid mine. Mine, north australia anita parbhakar1, mansour edraki2, dee. Metals associated with acid rock drainage and their effect on. A critical design parameter for a limestone drain is the mass of limestone that will be required for effective treatment. Inaps global acid rock drainage guide and the current state.
Acid rock drainage occurs through the interaction of rainfall on pyritebearing formations. Finally, the performance of passive systems constructed for the treatment of acid mine drainage from both coal and sulphide metal mines is summarised. Proceedings of the 22nd annual british columbia mine reclamation symposium in penticton, bc, 1998. Novel electron donors for anaerobic remediation of acid. Apr 25, 2014 next, it describes selected metals most frequently associated with acid rock drainage. As mineralogy or rock forming minerals in the sample affects the accuracy of aba analysis, it is advised to obtain information of the mineralogy of the samples. When pyrite fes2 is exposed to oxygen and water in mine workings or roadcuts, the mineral decomposes and sulfur may react to form sulfuric acid, which often results in environmental problems and potential damage to the transportation infrastructure. Overview of best practice methods sources pathways receptors groundwater perspective measure performance vertical pathway intervention ref. Pdf acid rock drainage prediction manual veio macieira.
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